667 Capital moved to Ōtsu in Ōmi Province.

The era officially ended with the death of Emperor Tenmu, but the name continued in unofficial use through the reign of Empress Jitō (r. 690-97).

694 Capital moved to Fujiwara in Yamato Province.

Emperor Go-Daigo's court continued to use "Genkō" until 1334.1, although Emperor Kōgon promulgated the "Shōkyō" era name in 1332.4. The Shōkyō era marks the start of alternative reign names that continued throughout the Northern and Southern Courts period (1336-92).

1333  Kamakura Bakufu overthrown.

1336 Beginning of reign names considered exclusive to the Southern Court (gray shading).

(Engen 1; also counted as Kenmu 3) Beginning of the Northern and Southern Courts period (until 1392), with Emperor Go-Daigo at Yoshino and Emperor Kōmyō in Kyoto).

1391-92 Meitoku Rebellion put down by Muromachi Bakufu.
1392 Reunification of Northern and Southern Courts in Meitoku 3 (Genchū 9 for the Southern Court).

1543 Portuguese traders introduce Western muskets and canon into Japan.
1549 Francis Xavier lands at Kagoshima and begins Christian mission.

1582 Nobunaga betrayed by Akechi Mitsuhide; Toyotomi Hideyoshi avenges Nobunaga's death, enters Osaka Castle in 1583.
1585 Hideyoshi becomes imperial regent (kanpaku).
1592 After defeating the Go-Hōjō at Odawara in 1590, Hideyoshi invades Korea; truce reached in 1596.

1597 Hideyoshi moves to Osaka Castle, orders second invasion of Korea.
1598 Hideyoshi dies and Japanese armies leave Korea.
1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu wins victory in the Battle of Sekigahara, achieving military predominance; Edo (Tokugawa) Bakufu established in 1603.
1615 Defeat of Toyotomi Hideyori at Osaka.

1617 Western trading ships limited to Nagasaki and Hirado; Japanese ships prohibited from travelling abroad in 1635; Chinese traders limited to Nagasaki the same year; Portuguese ships forbidden to land from 1639; Dutch trading mission moved to Dejima in Nagasaki in 1641, completing the implementation of the bakufu's exclusion policy (sakoku).
1617 Licensed quarter at Yoshiwara in Edo authorized.
1635 System of alternate service (sankin kōtai) institutionalized.
1637 Shimabara Rebellion.

A high point in Japanese culture reached with the activities of Chikamatsu Monzaemon (puppet theater), Ihara Saikaku (fiction), and Matsuo Bashō (haikai/haiku).

1702 Vendetta of the Akō rōnin; dramatized and first performed at the Takemoto-za in Osaka in 1748.

1837 Ōshio Heihachirō leads riots in Osaka.
1841 Tenpō Reforms begun by Mizuno Tadakuni.

1868 Edo renamed Tokyo and designated capital; era names made to coincide with reign of emperor.
1872 Conscription and education ordinances enacted.
1873 Land taxes revised; signs prohibiting Christianity taken down.
1877 Satsuma Rebellion.
1884 Peerage created.
1885 Cabinet system established.
1889 Constitution promulgated; first national election held in 1890.
1894-95 Sino-Japanese War; annexation of Taiwan.
1904-05 Russo-Japanese War.
1910 Annexation of Korea.

1914-1918 World War I.
1923 Great Kantō Earthquake.
1926 Universal male suffrage (first election in 1928).

1931 Manchurian Incident.
1933 Japan leaves League of Nations (effective 1935).
1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor.
1945 Atomic bombs dropped; end of World War II.
1951 Treaty of San Francisco signed
1955 Liberal Democratic Party achieves political dominance.
1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo; Shinkansen "bullet train" starts operation.
1972 Okinawa returned to Japan.
1973 First "oil shock" begins.
1978 Second "oil shock" begins.